Jordanian culture in a bubble



An important attribute to my feeling of safeness is definitely related to our mode of touring the country. I appreciated the conveniences of our pre-organized trip, comfortable (American!) hostel, air-conditioned bus, and above all our competent and caring tour guide. Yet, we were deprived of spontaneity and any form of indispensable interaction with Jordanians. Never mind (?) After all, we gained insights of Jordanian habits and lives from our guide, Omar. These were stories about Jordanians told by a Jordanian, however, they remained stories nonetheless. In our short period of time, we forfeit the opportunity to genuinely become acquainted with Jordanian life and cultural habits. In short: We were in a tourist bubble,[1] being cart from one tourist must-see to the next.

We represented classic mass tourism.[2] The term describes a considerable volume of tourists visiting in pre-arranged tours top-tourist-sights. Contrary to this, scholars designate the term “resort cycle” to people’s desire to go ‘off the beaten track’.[3] They escape the overcrowded tourist places or simply avoid peak hours, take public transportation, and seek to blend in society to gain ‘authentic’ experiences; or they seek to discover ‘untouched’ nature.

On our tight schedule, we had no time to step ‘off the track’.
Nested in our tourist bubble, we predominantly met people in the tourist business. Thus, apart from stories we heard, can we say we experienced real Jordanian culture? Well, yes: We got to know Jordanian tourist culture! This is after all part of life in Jordan, since a significant number of people are (to variant extent) involved in the tourist business. The private tourist sector is the largest employing industry.[4]

In our bubble, we were on a trip into the tourist world of Jordan and became in touch with an important part of Jordan’s economy and culture of hospitality.


[1] Also termed the ‘environmental (tourist) bubble’:a protective cocoon of Western-style hotels, international cuisine, satellite television, guidebooks and helpful, multilingual couriers – ‘surrogate parents’ that cushion and, as necessary, protect the tourist from harsher realities and unnecessary contacts. Quoted from: Stephen Williams, Tourism Geography (London: Routledge, 2009). – Chapter 8, p. 197.
[2] Interestingly, no academic definition of mass tourism appears to exist. (See: Roger Carter (Managing Editor), 'Destination World E-Newsletter', Destinationworld.Info, last modified 2009, accessed September 1, 2015, http://www.destinationworld.info/newsletter/feature45.html.)
For more background information on mass tourism, see: Tim Edensor, Tourism (Manchester: Elsevier Ltd., 2009), p. 301-302.
[3] Tim Edensor, Tourism (Manchester: Elsevier Ltd., 2009), p. 306-307.
[4] Ibrahim Osta, 'USAID – The Economic Growth Through Sustainable Toursim Project', 2015.

Our tour bus represents our tourist bubble

Travel warnings



I must admit real concerns had occupied my early-on travel considerations as the Middle East region as a whole was being displayed as sliding into a serious conflict and security crisis. Less than encouraging presented also the foreign ministry its travel advice for Jordan. Were we flirting with a risky adventure? Were we going to engage in dark tourism?

Contrary to the dominant assumption that tourists desire to feel comfortably safe, thus preferring a stable environment as their tourist destination, dark tourism is a phenomenon that sets aside the dichotomous relation of tourism and conflict. While some potential visitors are deterred by possible danger, others are attracted. Danger-zone tourists seek to explore ongoing conflict up close.[1]  This closely relates to the concept of the tourist gaze[2] that prescribes the tourists’ desire to see the unfamiliar, being intrigued by ‘authentic differences’:[3] In this case, a conflict-ridden area. Simultaneously, it relates to the embodiment approach[4] that emphasizes the importance of emotions and affects, including in this case: fear, anxiety, thrill, excitement.[5]

Fortunately, I did not need to become the dark tourist type for our trip. Our trip consumed common tourism.

Jordan enjoys a reputation of being especially tourist-friendly and a safe tourist destination.[6] Indeed, our group was constantly reminded of how secure Jordan was, not least by the Dutch embassy and by the USAID organization in Amman. Frankly, during my entire stay I felt thoroughly safe. Reflecting upon my calm emotional state, I realize that my feeling of safeness had been embedded in confidence and trust in my environment. Moreover, concomitant with a fieldwork article and in light of the Dutch embassy’s assurance of Jordan’s highly efficient security network, I perceived Jordan as a safe place, precisely for its position amid a conflict-region. For, this induced the state to (successfully) prioritize security.[7]


[1] D. M. Buda, 'Tourism In Conflict Areas: Complex Entanglements In Jordan', Journal of Travel Research (2015). See especially: p. 7.
See: A definition on dark tourism: Danger-zone tourism is defined as tourism to potentially dangerous places of ongoing socio-political conflicts, in: K.M. Adams, ‘Danger-zone tourism: Prospects and problems for tourism in tumultuous times’, in P.Teo.T.C. Chang & K.C. Ho (Eds.), Interconnected worlds: Tourism in Southeast Asia, (Pergamon, Oxford, England: 2001), 265-281.
[2] John Urry and Jonas Larsen, The Tourist Gaze 3.0 (Los Angeles: SAGE, 2011).
[3] D. M. Buda, 'Tourism In Conflict Areas: Complex Entanglements In Jordan', Journal of Travel Research (2015). See especially: p. 17.
[4] Embodiment approach as described in: Tim Edensor, Tourism (Manchester: Elsevier Ltd., 2009).
[5] Dorina Maria Buda, Anne-Marie d’Hauteserre and Lynda Johnston, 'Feeling And Tourism Studies', Annals of Tourism Research 46 (2014): 102-114.
[6] D. M. Buda, 'Tourism In Conflict Areas: Complex Entanglements In Jordan', Journal of Travel Research (2015). See especially: 13-14: “Jordan’s main attractive points are its safety and security”.
[7] Ibid. is the mentioned fieldwork article This estimated feeling of increased security correlates to what the author discovered. See especially: p. 20-23. 


Now I can say Jordan is not a danger zone

Feeling safe when these guys take care of security


Don't worry, be happy






On my way to the airport in Berlin just so much went wrong that at one point, I was certain to miss the plane. With my last bit of hope and outright stubbornness of getting to Amman today, I called a cab. Anxiously I asked the driver to hurry. Surprisingly, my driver told me he had lived in Amman for 1 year. Originally from Damascus, he lives in Germany since 1990 but decided to spend time in Jordan to have his children grow up – at least for a while – in the midst of Arabic culture. After painting me a beautiful picture of life in Amman, he suddenly said something that eased my anxiety at once: “Don’t be too ‘German’ while in Jordan.” He explained how Germans tend to stress out when small travel-troubles arise while they encounter the foreignness abroad. Judging from my own observance, he was just so right: When I was living in Canada, I adapted a certain don’t-worry-it’ll-be-fine- attitude. This has been the result of the demonstration effect which describes the phenomenon of foreigners adopting some behavioral patterns of another culture or lifestyle during their touristic endeavors and their visit of unfamiliar terrain. Some tourists even incorporate some of these aspects into their own daily life.[1]
That I had left behind ‘German anxiety’ while in Canada, occurred to me upon my family’s visit. Smilingly I observed just how German-touristy they were. And now my driver told me to take it easy and to approach Jordan with curiosity, openness and above all with calmness. I decided to take these wise words to heart; In stark contrast to the German foreign ministry[2] – these were just the best travel advice I could have asked for! I wonder if at some point our group will be doing it the Jordanian way.


[1] Stephen Williams, Tourism Geography (London: Routledge, 2009). See: Chapter 6 “Socio-cultural relations in tourism.” For the demonstration effect see: 138-139.
[2] Auswärtiges Amt, 'Jordanien: Reise- Und Sicherheitshinweise', last modified 2015, accessed August 20, 2015, http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/DE/Laenderinformationen/00-SiHi/JordanienSicherheit.html.


The journey to Amman begins - thanks to my taxi driver I already feel more relaxed

I am a tourist studying tourism in Jordan






With this blog I wish to take a deeper look at tourist phenomena and their meaning in light of social study theories. My reflections in the blog entries aim at investigating the tourist engaging in foreignness, the tourist-local encounter and their respective roles, the touristic (re-)presentation of culture, and the aspects that shape the tourist experience.

The wider theoretical background hereby is postmodern thinking that embraces plurality of knowledge and remains critical of one-sided interpretations and “rationally” established meanings.[1] As social constructivism demonstrates: Meanings to objects of the social world are constructed by people for which their interactions play a significant role.[2] Through critical investigations, taken-for-granted meanings can be deconstructed, and the dogma of universal truths abandoned. Since an overriding postmodern remark on subjectivity holds true for my entire blog, I want to emphasize that I am blogging out of my own eyes.

Who am I as a blogger? I am a tourist studying tourism in Jordan.

There is an intriguing debate on the term tourist vs. traveler vs. visitor. The meanings of these words are socially constructed so that we associate certain images with a tourist (sometimes with a negative connotation), while the traveler enjoys a different reputation.[3] Reflecting upon the literature, it all depends on what we associate with the terms, as we are constructing meaning to them. Who do you say are you? Tourist or traveler? Ultimately, whether traveling, touring or visiting – it all suggests movement out of the daily environment. On my own terms, for this journey, I define myself as a student who travels to Jordan to dive as a tourist in the tourist industry; Hence, I am foreigner with little knowledge of how things are done in Jordan, who gladly falls into the helping hands of people working all around tourism.


[1] Urry, John and Jonas Larsen. “Chapter 5 Changing Tourists Cultures.” The Tourist Gaze. EBSCO Publishing: eBook Academic Collection. 89-105.
[2] See a famous account on constructivism in: Alexander Wendt, 'Anarchy Is What States Make Of It: The Social Construction Of Power Politics', International Organization 46, no. 02 (1992): 391.
[3] Read more on the discussion surrounding these terms in: S. McCabe, ''Who Is A Tourist?': A Critical Review', Tourist Studies 5, no. 1 (2005): 85-106.

Tourist?

Traveler?

Visitor?

My story





Let me tell you about my week in Jordan… Now, this could take hours, especially if I showed you all my wonderful pictures, told you of all my adventures, engaged you in a conversation about all the places you and I each have visited, and told you all I have done, felt and thought during my stay in Jordan. In fact, with my stories I would provide you with a very subjective view on the country.

Touristic story-telling reveals far more than a selective account of the place that the tourist has visited. The deeper meaning of a tourist’s story is the story’s telling something about something (– side note: this provides an interesting frame for discourse analysis.) A tourist-story is a story of him- or herself. It is in the account of what the tourist has done, moreover, it is in the way of talking about the country, the people, the cultural habits witnessed and the sensations felt – all that indicates a “social identity construction”.[1] Besides, more meaning and room for interpretation lies behind the tourist-stories as they also tell us something about the relationship between locals and tourists and their respective roles within the tourist industry, furthermore, they tell us something about the importance of emotional sensations for the touristic experience. Also, “stories of tourist sights are most important for tourist business,”[2] as they carry the sites’ symbolic significance, declaring it a ‘must-see’.

Thus, while I reflect upon my experiences in Jordan, I investigate the meaning behind my stories. In the words of Clifford Geertz, with our tourist narratives we are saying something about something.[3]

More than a story about Jordan, this is a story about me, the tourist; More than a tourist telling her own experiences, this is an academic inquiry of the meaning of tourism for social studies.


[1] See: McCabe, Scott and Clare Foster. “The Role and Function of Narrative in Tourist Interaction.” Centre for Tourism and Cultural Change, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, Yorkshire, UK (22 Dec 2008): 194-195.
[2] Quote of Rustom Mkhjian, deputy head at the Baptismal Site.
[3] See: Clifford Geertz, 'Deep Play: Notes On The Balinese Cockfight', Daedalus 134, no. 4 (2005): 56-86. (see esp. p. 26)

Welcome to my story of my week in Jordan